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Background: The general atmosphere of the medical college is frequently seen as being extremely stressful;as a result, medical students' academic results suffer, as well as their physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medical students' levels of anxiety about their future careers. Objectives: To exploring the level of anxiety among medical students during COVID-19 Pandemic Methods: It was a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional research. After receiving verbal approval from each student at the Fatima Jinnah Medical University in Lahore, the participants enrolled. The data was gathered using a pre-designed questionnaire. A VAS score was employed to assess anxiety levels. SPSS 23 was used to analyze data. To get the desired findings, a statistical test like the chi-square test was used, with a p-value of 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the mean age student was 20.33± 1.49 years with range from 19-27 years of 165 female medical students were enrolled. Maximum strength of 3rd professional year as 70(42.42%), students were asked to respond to their own self-perceived level of anxiety by using VAS scale of 0 to 100 (mild, moderate and severe) and 84(50.91%) students' shows severe level of anxiety. The factor contributing anxiety during COVID-19 explored and faced fear about future career 127(76.97%). Students observed that it took great effort to understand online lectures 108(65.45%) and faced the problem of recalling the memorized online 112(67.88%) as insignificant p-value. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic did not seem to enhance the general degree of anxiety among medical students, but instead, they were more concerned about their studies, exams, and especially their future career.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the number of physiotherapists who interrupted their services because of the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the procedures adopted by the physiotherapists who are still working. Methods: It was a Cross sectional study. Study Setting was University of South Asia, Lahore. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire. Physiotherapists working in Government and Private Hospitals in Lahore were recruited. Data was collected from October 2020 to November 2020. Non-probability Convenient sampling technique was used to recruit participants in study. Sample size of 241 Participants was calculated by using an online calculator (Raosoft, Inc.2004) with 5% margin of error, 95% confidence level and population of 462 physiotherapists working in Lahore in various Government and Private Hospitals Results: Out of 210 participants, males were 154 (73%) while females were 56 (27%). 37 (18%) were working in government hospitals while 173 (82%) were working in private setups. 14 (7%) were holding only undergraduate degree while 196 (93%) were post graduate. 28 (13%) were having up to 4 years of clinical experience working as physiotherapist, 65 (31%) were having up to 8 years of experience while 117 (56%) were having up to 12 years of clinical experience. When asked about Source of information on COVID-19, 16 (8%) chose Official international health organization sites and media, 18 (9%) chose Official government sites and media e.g. Ministry of Health Pakistan, 121 (58%) chose News Media e.g. TVs, radios, Magazines, Newspapers, 52 (25%) chose Social Media e.g. WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram while 2 (1%) chose journals and only 1 participant (.5%) chose others source of information. Conclusion: The distribution of Attitude, Knowledge, and Practice is the same across categories of source of information on COVID-19.
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It is the goal of the project to produce a watersports pylon that provides a greater variation in height than has been previously available on the market to meet the needs of both wakeboarders and water-skiers. The secondary goal is to provide a means of operation that does not require permanent fixing to a vessel's deck/structure. Based on thorough market research, there are options available for invasive pylons that require altering the deck/structure of the vessel, or temporary pylons that can be assembled but do not provide any variation in height. By utilising this gap in the market, it is the desire of the project to produce a product that builds on the existing strengths of similar products without their drawbacks, whilst still being a cost-effective solution. This project has focused on design of the pylon through all stages of the development process, from market research and product requirements based on customer needs, to design and product development. By developing and understanding the chosen designs using an analytical hierarchy process, the most appropriate option has been determined. The project then developed said design, initially understanding the loads and stresses acting up the pylon, as well as the material requirements. Using these calculations to generate a refined search via appropriate material selection software, the most appropriate material was identified. The design was then subject to critical structural analysis and optimisation, to ensure the product can be developed to meet the requirements established at the beginning of the project. It was hoped to test a prototype pylon, however the COVID restrictions prevented this. This paper details the processes of the project and the results produced, which was then critically reviewed to ensure that the pylon meets the initial aims set out at the start of the project. © 2021 The authors and IOS Press.
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Objective;To evaluate the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the national surgical residency program of Pakistan in terms of its effects on skill development, academics, research activities, and fellowship examination/assessment. Material and methods: A 16 item validated survey was designed to conduct this cross-sectional study which was carried out in 3 tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Ethical approval was granted by institu-tional review board after formal piloting. The study included 169 residents from both general surgery and surgery-allied dis-ciplines. Participants characteristics and Responses were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and presented as percentages value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Before the pandemic, more than 80 % general surgery residents had frequent or occasional opportunities to engage in surgical activities as observer, assistant, dependent or independent performer. During pandemic these opportunities were less than 20 % and more than 75 % had rare or no such opportunities. Almost similar and statistically significant was the impact on the skills exposure opportunities for surgery-allied residents. 100 % general surgery residents and 98.9 % sur-gery-allied residents had frequent or occasional opportunities to attend academic ward rounds before the pandemic while 91 % general surgery residents and 80 % surgery allied residents had only rare or no opportunities to attend academic ward rounds. Data collection of 88.6 % general surgery residents and 80 % surgery allied residents were affected to more or less extent on the Likert scale. In both disciplines less than 15 % residents. Among the general surgery residents only 9 (11.4%) confident, and 1 (1.3%) very confident that the exam will take place in time despite the pandemic. These figures were 11.4% and 4.4 % only in surgery-allied discipline.
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Aim: To study stigmatization of healthcare workers due to COVID-19 pandemic Methodology: Using a cross-sectional study, a total of 134 healthcare workers were approached at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. An interview based, pre-tested, semi-constructed questionnaire consisting of both open and close ended questions were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 134 healthcare workers, 40.3% were male and 59.7% were female. Distribution among doctors and nurses was 60.4% and 39.6% respectively. 51.5% of healthcare workers felt stigmatized due to working in the COVID-19 pandemic. 69.4% of healthcare workers knew of other people who faced similar stigmatization due to their exposure to COVID-19. Almost each age group and specialty faced such stigmatization. Conclusion: This study helped in understanding the stigma healthcare workers had to face during COVID-19 Pandemic which lead to significant distress and suffering for the healthcare workers.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered as serious global threat of this time and greatest challenge for recent days. Several approaches have been carried out in this direction to fight against COVID-19. Among these, nanotechnology is one of the promising approach to face these challenges in the current situation. Recently, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored for COVID-19 due to its unique physicochemical properties. This mini review provides a recent progress in graphene-based nanomaterials and its applications for diagnosis, detection, decontamination, and protection against COVID-19. Further, main challenges and perspective for fundamental design and development of technologies based on graphene-based materials are discussed and suitable directions to improve these technologies are suggested. This article will provide timely knowledge and future direction about this wonder materials in various biological applications.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of anakinra in patients who were admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring oxygen therapy. METHODS: A prospective, open-label, interventional study in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia was conducted. Patients in the interventional arm received subcutaneous anakinra (100 mg twice daily for 3 days, followed by 100 mg daily for 7 days) in addition to standard treatment. Main outcomes were the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes included successful weaning from supplemental oxygen and change in inflammatory biomarkers. Outcomes were compared with those of historical controls who had received standard treatment and supportive care. RESULTS: A total of 69 patients were included: 45 treated with anakinra and 24 historical controls. A need for mechanical ventilation occurred in 14 (31%) of the anakinra-treated group and 18 (75%) of the historical cohort (p < 0.001). In-hospital death occurred in 13 (29%) of the anakinra-treated group and 11 (46%) of the historical cohort (p = 0.082). Successful weaning from supplemental oxygen to ambient air was attained in 25 (63%) of the anakinra-treated group compared with 6 (27%) of the historical cohort (p = 0.008). Patients who received anakinra showed a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSION: In patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and high oxygen requirement, anakinra could represent an effective treatment option and may confer clinical benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN74727214.